Was alexander the great really great Research Paper

Was alexander the extraordinary extremely incredible - Research Paper Example ign, Alexander vanquished numerous regions and until to date, he is viewed as one of the splendid military pioneers who utilized one of a kind strategies to cut down their adversaries. The principle motivation behind why he was known as the â€Å"Great† due to his triumph in overcoming the Persian Empire (Anson 2). This paper investigates the heritage of Alexander the Great and presents a contention that he was actually the incredible. Eminently, Alexander was named the â€Å"Great† after his passing and he is referred to worldwide as Alexander the incredible from that point forward. The inquiry that emerges from this is whether he truly has the right to be known as the incredible or not. Without a doubt, Alexander the Great was incredible, for example, he was an extraordinary hero who figured out how to set up the biggest realm in the antiquated world. The enormity of Alexander is typically shrouded in regard of his accomplishments, victories and impact when he was a ruler. Apparently, building up extraordinary urban communities is perhaps the best inheritance. Alexander set up perhaps the biggest domain in old history, which goes about as probably the greatest accomplishment that made him well known. He had the option to prevent Persians from infringing further upon Greece, and he vanquished a realm that extended from the Balkans to current Pakistan. As Anson (1) noted, Alexander’s successes spread more than 2,000,000 square miles. There are numerous urban communities, around fifty-eight, on the planet that are named after Alexander the Great. The names that were given to these urban communities demonstrated that the author, Alexander needed these urban communities to be incredible and prosperous (Anson 183). Also, he was an extraordinary military strategist since he won practically all the fights that he was engaged with. His novel strategy was to assault in more than one course at the same time and this empowered him to win numerous fights and annihilation his rivals as needs be. Alexander was a decent fighter who never dithered to lead his military in his endeavor to vanquish the world and inspired them by being a piece of them during the fights. His military

Enthalpy change and Hess’s law. Essay

Presentation: Enthalpy is the complete vitality of a framework, some of which is reestablished as synthetic potential vitality in the concoction bonds. During responses, bonds are broken and shaped. Therefore, all responses are joined by an adjustment in the potential vitality of the bonds, and consequently an enthalpy change. This enthalpy change of response can be estimated and is given the image H. The temperature of a framework is a proportion of the normal active vitality of the particles present. Consequently, during a response, as bonds are broken and shaped, there is an adjustment in this normal active vitality and this will bring about an adjustment in the temperature of the framework. Then again, heat is the proportion of the all out vitality of the substance. At the point when the temperature of a substance increments or diminishes, heat vitality is assimilated or discharged from the earth. So as to quantify this adjustment in temperature, the accompanying recipe can be ut ilized:- Warmth vitality = m.C.T †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦where, m= mass of the substance C= explicit warmth limit T= change in temperature Point of trial: †This specific test centers around Hess’s law. Hess’s law expresses that the complete enthalpy change on changing over a given arrangement of reactants to a specific arrangement of items is consistent, independent of the manner by which the change is done. For this test, the transformation of NaOH to NaCl by two unique courses was utilized and the adjustment in enthalpy for every way was estimated to test Hess’s law. Highway one: †NaOH + 2M HCl 2M NaCl 2M NaCl + H2O 1M NaCl Highway two: †NaOH + H2O 2M NaCl 2M NaOH + 2M HCl 1M NaCl Materials: †recepticles, NaOH, 2M HCl, stopwatch, thermometer, pipettes, estimating chamber Techniques: †for the primary course, 4g of NaOH was gauged. At that point utilizing an estimating chamber 50 ml of 2M of HCl was estimated and filled a can. A thermometer was utilized to record the temperature of the hydrochloric corrosive in the can. A short time later NaOH was included into the can. Utilizing stopwatch and a thermometer the adjustment in temperature was estimated as 2M of NaCl was being shaped. When the temperature of the 2M NaCl was steady, 50 ml of water was added to change the sodium chloride into 1M of NaCl. Utilizing stopwatch and thermometer the adjustment in temperature was recorded. For the subsequent course, 4g of NaOH was gauged. At that point to frame 2M of NaOH, 50 ml of water was included. A thermometer and stopwatch was utilized to screen the adjustment in temperature. At that point 50ml of HCl was estimated. At that point its temperature was estimated. These two arrangements were then combined in a can. The temperature change was estimated utilizing a thermometer and stopwatch. Results for highway one. In table1.1, the temperatures of NaOH and 2M HCl before the response started were 22.5㠯⠿â ½0.1㠯⠿â ½c. In table1.2, the temperature of 2M NaCl was 57.5㠯⠿â ½0.1㠯⠿â ½c before 50ml of water was added to it. Diagram 1.2 temperature changes when 50 ml of water was added to 2M of NaCl to shape 1M of NaCl. Results for highway two. After 50ml of water was added to 4g of NaOH to shape 2M of NaOH, it had a temperature of 32.4㠯⠿â ½0.1㠯⠿â ½c. Then again, 2M of HCl had a temperature of 22.5㠯⠿â ½0.1 c㠯⠿â ½. For table 1.3 the starting temperature of these two reactants is the mean estimation of their temperature that is 27.4㠯⠿â ½0.1㠯⠿â ½c. This was done on the grounds that there was not sufficient opportunity to hold up until the two reactants arrive at a similar temperature. Table 1.4 temperature changes during the expansion of 50ml of water to 4 g of NaOH to frame 2M of NaOH. Table 1.3 temperature changes during the response of 2M of NaOH with 2M of HCl to frame 1M of NaCl. Chart 1.3 temperature changes during the response of 2M of NaOH with 2M of HCl to shape 1M of NaCl. Chart 1.4 temperature changes during the expansion of 50ml of water to 4 g of NaOH to frame 2M of NaOH. Conversation To test Hess’s law the temperature change in every one of the courses during the response can be utilized. The equation for heat change, which is found in the presentation segment of this report, is likewise valuable. For this specific examination, water that is the side-effect in the arrangement of sodium chloride is utilized as a method of finding the enthalpy change. The thickness of water is taken to be 1g/ml and is utilized to decide the mass of the arrangements. The particular warmth limit of water is 4.18 (g-1k-1). Highway one: †To shape 2M of NaCl the adjustment in temperature () was 71.6 †22.5= 49.1㠯⠿â ½c. The mass of the arrangement of NaOH and 2M of HCl was seen as 50g by utilizing the thickness of water as 1g/ml and the volume of the arrangement being 50ml. change in enthalpy is:- Warmth change= m. c. = = 10.2 KJ The adjustment in enthalpy in changing 2M of NaCl to 1M of NaCl can be determined similarly where the mass of the arrangement becomes 100 g when 50 ml of water is included. The adjustment in temperature was - 17.6 à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½c. Warmth change= m. c. = = - 7.3 KJ The whole of the two changes in enthalpy will give an estimation of 2.9 KJ. Highway two: †the adjustment in temperature in framing 2M of NaOH from NaOH was 9.9㠯⠿â ½c. To do this 50 ml of water was included and the mass of the arrangement was 50 g. utilizing the equation the adjustment in enthalpy can be determined as follows:- Warmth change= m. c. = = 2.0 KJ Once 2M of NaOH was framed, 50ml of 2M of HCl was added to shape 1M of NaCl, which is the last item. The adjustment in temperature was 8.5㠯⠿â ½c. The mass was 100g and the adjustment in enthalpy was Warmth change= m. c. = = 3.5 KJ The aggregate of the two changes of enthalpy is 5.5 KJ. End: †The adjustment in enthalpy for the arrangement of 1M of NaCl utilizing highway one was 2.9 KJ. Utilizing highway two it was 5.5 KJ. There is a huge contrast of 2.6 KJ. This shows the test done didn't demonstrate the Hess’s law adequately. This might be because of specific factors that will be examined underneath. Restriction: †There could be lose of warmth to the general condition that can have crucial impact on the consequences of the investigation. Human blunder and mix-up issue in this sort of examination. Rather than utilizing a straightforward thermometer fitting can be utilized. Enhancements:- the utilization of information ace lumberjack or calorimeter can limit the human and gadget mistake in estimating temperature and can be superior to basic thermometer. Utilizing protector, for example, Styrofoam cups to keep heat from running away to the encompassing.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 18th, 2017

Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 18th, 2017 Book Riot Deals is  sponsored by the high-octane political thriller We Are Holding the President Hostage. Get it for $1.99 exclusively through Book Riot with this link: http://amzn.to/2oAJfk4 Todays Featured Deals The Notorious RGB for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: The Valley of Amazement by Amy Tan for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deal: The Girl with All the Gifts by M.R. Carey for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: Previous daily deals that are still active (as of this writing at least). Get em while theyre hot. Graceling  by Kristin Cashore for $1.99. The Rules of Civility  by Amor Towles for $3.99. Ayiti by Roxane Gay for $1.99 Dawn by Octavia E. Butler for $1.99. The Looking Glass War by John Le Carre for $1.99. The Complete Stories by Clarice Lispector for $1.99. Too Like the Lightning by Ada Palmer for $2.99. Mothers Sons by Colm Toibin for $1.99. The Birthday of the World and Other Stories by Ursula K. Le Guin for $1.99. Galileos Daughter by Dava Sobel for $1.99. Brown Girl, Dreaming by Jacqueline Woodson for $1.99. An Edible History of Humanity by Tom Standage for $1.99. Tell the Wolves Im Home by Carol Rifka Brunt for $1.99. Zen in the Art of Writing by Ray Bradbury for $1.99. After Henry by Joan Didion for $1.13. The Song of Achilles by Madeline Miller for $1.99. The Toughest Indian in the World by Sherman Alexie for $1.99. The Last Samurai  by Helen DeWitt for $1.99. The Last Policeman  by Ben H. Winters for $1.99. Notes of a Native Son  by James Baldwin for $1.99. Labyrinths  by Jose Luis Borges for $1.99. All the Birds in the Sky  by Charlie Jane Anders for $2.99. A Study in Scarlet Women  by Sherry Thomas for $1.99.. The Inexplicable Logic of My Life  by Benjamin Alire Sáenz for $2.99. We, The Drowned  by Carsten Jenson for $2.99 Big Fish  by Daniel Wallace for $1.99. The Terracotta Bride  by Zen Cho for $1.40. The Geek Feminist Revolution  by Kameron Hurley for $2.99. The Girl at Midnight  by Melissa Grey for $1.99. Cloudsplitter  by Russell Banks for $1.99. Queenpin  by Megan Abbott for $0.99. The Good Lord Bird  by James McBride for $4.99. The Comet Seekers by Helen Sedgwick for $2.99 Frog Music by Emma Donoghue for $1.99 Bitch Planet, Vol 1 for $3.99. Monstress, Vol 1 by Liu Takeda for $3.99 Paper Girls, Vol 1. by Vaughn, Chiang, Wilson for $3.99. Labyrinth Lost by Zoraida Cordova for $1.99 The Wicked + The Divine Volume 1  for $3.99 The Inheritance Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin for $9.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie for $2.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

Heroes The Green Knight And Oedipus - 1156 Words

A hero is seen as a selfless and courageous individual who saves the day. Joseph Campbell, an American mythologist, once said â€Å"the hero is the man of self achieved submission.† A hero must also go through the twelve stages which include: call to adventure, assistance/departure, trials, approach, crisis, treasure, result, returning to their ordinary world, new life, resolution and returning to status quo. Heroes such as Beowulf, The Green Knight and Oedipus, are all seen as heroes for different reasons. However, these heroes are portrayed as archetypal heroes, meaning that they are models of the first type of heroes. The definition of a modern day hero is â€Å"a person who, in the opinion of others, has special achievements, abilities, or†¦show more content†¦In addition, his title as a â€Å"prince† connects to the archetypal setting of a castle which symbolizes power. Aside from Beowulf’s achievements, he is also seen as an epic hero because he t ook on a task that no one else was able to do. Beowulf is an ideal archetypal hero because he is a man who submitted himself and he defeated the monsters. Archetypal heroes also revolved around religion and mythology. Sir Gawain, an epic hero, attempted to defeat a green creature called the Green Knight. Just like Beowulf, he submitted himself by accepting the Green Knight’s challenge. Throughout the entirety of his journey, Sir Gawain, relied on god’s help. As he travels through his journey he says: â€Å" Now lord of my life, I must ask for your leave. You were my witness to my wager†¦ I must set out tomorrow to receive that stroke from the knight in green, and let God be my guide† (Beowulf 745- 49). God is so superior that Sir Gawain refers to god as â€Å"the lord† of his life. He is asking for god’s permission to leave so that he can start his journey. As he sets out to start his journey to â€Å"receive that stroke from the Green Knight,† he relies on god to guide him. In this reading, Sir Gawain is also called â€Å"God’s servant.† God is greatly recognized in these w orks and he is seen as as a superior figure, who everyone looks up to. In a way,Show MoreRelatedSir Gawain and the Green Knight: the Exploration of a Tragic Hero1023 Words   |  5 Pagessuch works as Oedipus and Antigone were popular among all classes of people. Aristotle defined a tragedy as the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself. It incorporates incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish the catharsis of such emotions. Though Greece may be credited with the creation of tragic heroes, the theme is seen in literary works across many different cultures, including England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is one suchRead More From Homer’s Odyssey to Star Wars - The Unchanging Path of the Hero2789 Words   |  12 Pages In the fiction world heroes have been one of the most entertaining figures. It has always been fun and interesting to read about heroic stories and about different obstacles that heroes had overcome. When someone mentions the word hero it is more likely to think of characters like Batman or James Bond, but it is for sure that if we had the chance to ask the same question centuries before, the answer would have been different. From comics or TV it is seen that heroes change physically and spirituallyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagescomponents: (1) selfesteem, or the extent to which people see themselves as capable, successful, and worthy (Harter, 1990); (2) generalized self-efï ¬ cacy, or the sense of one’s ability to perform capably across a variety of circumstances (Locke, McClear, Knight, 1996); (3) neuroticism, which is reversed-scored, or the tendency to have a negative outlook and pessimistic approach to life (Watson, 2000); and (4) locus of control, which has been discussed earlier, referring to a person’s beliefs about the extent

Essay about Deserting Washington’s Army - 1575 Words

Deserting Washington’s Army With the Revolutionary War set to begin, the recruitment of soldiers was fully on. Reasons to enlist in the Continental Army were quite candid for numerous individuals. Motives ranged from looking for a fresh start to wanting to honor friendship/family, or even for the sole purpose of securing regular pay. Many looked to reap the benefits that were promised to them for enlisting in the army. As the Revolutionary War waged on for years to come, soldiers of the Continental Army continued to battle, not only the British, but the many hardships that came their way, as well. By 1780 the number of soldiers abandoning their posts/camps had greatly increased due the number of hardships they encountered. Even†¦show more content†¦A recruiting hand-bill by George Washington himself even stated that those who enlisted in the Continental Army would receive â€Å"a bounty of Twelve dollars†¦and sixty dollars a year in GOLD, as well as handsome clothing and a large ration of provis ions.† With every advertisement similar to this one, in which enlistment is claimed to be accompanied with incentives (usually money or land), empty promises were soon to follow. This was a strong driving force that led men to desert their posts because most soldiers were not getting paid what they had been promised. James Kirby Martin even alludes, in his book Ordinary Courage, to the fact that 100-acre was promised to veterans, but that land never materialized for most of them. He addresses this in context stating, â€Å"The truth was, none cared for them; the country was served, and faithfully served, and that was that was deemed necessary. It was, soldiers, look to yourselves; we want no more of you. I hope I shall one day find land enough to lay my bones in. If I chance to die in a civilized country, none will deny me that. A dead body never begs a grave; thanks for that.† Especially with monetary inflation being high during the time of the war, many soldiers dese rted the army in order to provide for their families back home. The buying power of the new Continental dollar falls 90% and a number of food riots breakout due to the extreme prices. The lack of financial stability forShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington : The American Fabius1683 Words   |  7 Pagesto lead the Patriots to victory. With much discussion, the Congress decided to chose forty three year old Virginia planter, George Washington. Their choice at first seemed peculiar considering the fact he never rose above a colonel and his largest army was 1,200 men about twenty years prior. Yet despite his experience, he was known to be an outstanding leader, courageous, patient and everyone respected and trusted his judgment. Although the choice was mostly political, considering most AmericansRead MoreWhy I Decided For The Army For Three Reasons1141 Words   |  5 Pages16’ by 14’, not enough room for the 12 men inside. Still, many of the conditions at Valley Forge are okay for living in. The living conditions occurred to be very harsh, but they happened to be bearable. I decided to re-enlist in the army for three reasons; the army needs more soldiers, in the end there is much pride and glory, and many leaders are helping us get through the war. In 1773, the Boston Tea Party commenced causing most of this drama with the British. Before we arrived at camp weRead MoreThe Pen Of Thomas Paine1357 Words   |  6 Pageswho joined the Colonial Army, could not take these â€Å"trials† once the going got tough. When the war started in the summer of 1776, the Army was doing well with the victory of Boston behind them, and with the excitement of defending Manhattan in the future, many men joined the Colonial Army. When the Americans lost New York, started to retreat through New Jersey, and the weather turned rainy, the number of men in the Colonial Army started to drop significantly. Men were deserting or waiting until theirRead MoreGeorge Washington, The World s Greatest Leader Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesfacts show us that he led the Continental Army to victory in the American Revolutionary War over what was at the time the world’s most powerful military. Later, as president, he guided the United States in its formative years. His leadership and vision established a foundation that would transform America from 13 loosely connected states into an unequalled economic and military superpower. There have been many effective leaders and some great ones. Washington’s perseverance and his ability to inspireRead MoreGeorge Washington4952 Words   |  20 PagesCommander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Continental Army, George Washington. Washington’s leadership role in the American Revolution was extremely successful and without his military strategies, the continental army would not have been victorious. In this paper, I will examine the strengths and weaknesses of George Washington as man, a general, and as the first president of a new nation. It will describe why Washington was the perfect â€Å"candidate† to lead the Continental army. It will also describe his militaryRead MoreThe United State Army Community1913 Words   |  8 Pages1 [Shortened Title up to 50 Characters] 8 The United State Army Community Kwok Li Peoples Cultures The United State Army Community The United States army started in 1775 with only a group of volunteer fighters who opposed against the rule and the oppression of the British. (Hogan 2005) The U.S army is still an all-volunteer fighting force today defending and defeating enemy threats to the United States. Since the creation of the U.S army it has built on tradition and honor for its country and willingRead More Biography of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson Essay4286 Words   |  18 PagesBiography of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson George Washington was commander in chief of the Continental army during the American Revolution and later became the first president of the United States serving from1789 until 1797. He symbolized qualities of discipline, aristocratic duty, military orthodoxy and persistence in adversity that his contemporaries valued as marked of mature political leadership George spent his early years on the family estate on Popes Creek along the PotomacRead More Role of Blacks in the American Revolutionary War Essay2192 Words   |  9 Pagesquote above is from the British governor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore who proclaimed freedom for African American slaves who fought for the British, after George Washington announced there would be no additional recruitment of Blacks in the Continental army in 1776. For numerous free blacks and enslaved blacks, the Revolutionary War was considered to be an essential period in black manifestation. Many public officials (like Dunmore), who initially had not expressed their views on slavery, saw the importanceRead MoreThe American Of The Revolutionary War Essay2253 Words   |  10 Pagesfurther, claiming, it was a basic human right to fight against the terror of the British. When Paine’s pamphlet was published, it was read all over America and other countries as well. It went on to impact the very cause of the revolution! When the armies were low on inspiration, they read the common sense and it pushed them forward. When it first came out, many had been thinking along those lines, but it was Paine who put it all together and came all out on the truth about England. He convinced manyRead MoreThe President And International Relations2761 Words   |  12 Pagesthe former colonies and was still practicing the act of impressment which was a practice of the British Navy when a British ship would send officers to inspect a United States vessel and would then force those American sailors that were accused of deserting from British ships which was a common practice due to the deplorable conditions suffered by sailors in the English Navy. Washington ultimately signed a treaty that relaxed some of the trade restrictions but did not address the impressment issue

Instructions for Filling Out Income Tax Return Form Saral-Ii Itr-1 Free Essays

string(27) " exceed one lakh rupees\)\." These instructions are guidelines for filling the particulars in this Return Form. In case of any doubt, please refer to relevant provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and the Income-tax Rules, 1962. Assessment Year for which this Return Form is applicable This Return Form is applicable for assessment year 2010-2011 only, i. We will write a custom essay sample on Instructions for Filling Out Income Tax Return Form Saral-Ii Itr-1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. , it relates to income earned in Financial Year 2009-10.Who can use this Return Form This Return Form is to be used by an individual whose total income for the assessment year 2010-11 includes:(a) Income from Salary/ Pension; or (b) Income from One House Property (excluding cases where loss is brought forward from previous years); or (c) Income from Other Sources (Excluding Winning from Lottery and Income from Race Horses). Further, in a case where the income of another person like spouse, minor child, etc. is to be clubbed with the income of the assessee, this Return Form can be used only if the income being clubbed falls into the above income categories.Who cannot use this Return Form This Return Form should not be used by an individual whose total income for the assessment year 2010-11 includes,(a) Income from more than one house property; or (b) Income from Winnings from lottery or income from Race horses; or (c) Income under the head â€Å"Capital Gains†, which are not exempt from tax, e. g. , short-term capital gains or long-term capital gains from sale of house, plot, etc. ; or (d) Income from agriculture in excess of Rs. 5,000; or (e) Income from Business or Profession. Annexure-less Return Form No document (including TDS certificate) should be attached to this Return Form.All such documents enclosed with this Return Form will be detached and returned to the person filing the return. Manner of filing this Return Form This Return Form can be filed with the Income Tax Department in any of the following ways, (i) by furnishing the return in a paper form; (ii) by furnishing the return electronically under digital signature; (iii) by transmitting the data in the return electronically and thereafter submitting the verification of the return in Return Form ITR-V; (iv) by furnishing a Bar-coded return.Where the Return Form is furnished in the manner mentioned at 5(iii), the assessee should print out two copies of Form ITR-V. One copy of ITR-V, duly signed by the assessee, has to be sent by ordinary post to Post Bag No. 1, Electronic City Office, Bangaluru–560100 (Karnataka). The other copy may be retained by the assessee for his record. Filling out the acknowledgement Only one copy of this Return Form is required to be filed.Where the Return Form is furnished in the manner mentioned at 5(i) or at 5(iv), the acknowledgement slip attached with this Return Form should be duly filled. Codes for filling this Return Form Under the heading ‘Filing Status’ in the Return Form details have to be filled out regarding section under which the return is being filed on the basis of relevant codes. The codes corresponding to the section under which a return is being filed are as under:Sl. No. How the return is filed Code i. Voluntarily before the due date under section 139 11 ii. Voluntarily after the due date under section 139 12 iii. In response to notice under section 142(1) 13 iv. In response to notice under section 148 14 v. In response to notice under section 153A/ 153C 15 Obligation to file return Every individual whose total income before allowing deductions under Chapter VI-A of the Income-tax Act, exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to income tax is obligated to furnish his return of income. The deductions under Chapter VI-A are mentioned in item 5 (â€Å"Income and Deductions†) of this Return Form.The maximum amount not chargeable to income tax in case of different categories of individuals is as follows:Sl. No. Category Amount (in Rs. ) i. In case of individuals below the age of 65 years (other than women) 1,60,000 ii. In case of women below the age of 65 years 1,90,000 iii. In case of individuals who are of the age of 65 years or more at any time 2,40,000 during the financial year 2009-10. Details to be filled in this Return Form The details to be filled out in this Return Form are self-explanatory.However, some of the items which are to be filled out have been explained below:(a) e-mail address and phone number are optional; (b) In â€Å"employer category†, Government category will include Central Government/ State Governments employees. PSU category will include public sector companies of Central Government and State Government; (c) In item 1, fill the details of salary/ pension as given in TDS certificate (Form 16) issued by the employer. However, if the income has not been computed correctly in Form No. 6, please make the correct computation and fill the same in this item. Further, in case there was more than one employer during the year, please furnish in this item the details in respect of total salaries from various employers. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. (d) In Item 3, please fill the details of Income which is chargeable to income-tax under the head â€Å"income from other sources† other than income from Winnings from Lotteries or Income from Race Horses. (e) In Item 27, please fill total of Exempt income including Dividend income etc. f) In item 6, fill the details of deductions allowable under following sections of Chapter VI-A as under:(i) Section 80C (Some of the major items for deduction under this section are- amount paid or deposited towards life insurance, contribution to Provident Fund set up by the Government, recognised Provident Fund, contribution by the assessee to an approved superannuation fund, subscription to National Savings Certificates, tuition fees, payment/ repayment for purposes of purchase or construction of a residential house and many other investments)(for full list, please refer to section 80C of the Income-tax Act) (Please note that as provided in section 80CCE, aggregate amount of deduction under section 80C, 80CCC and 80CCD shall not exceed one lakh rupees). You read "Instructions for Filling Out Income Tax Return Form Saral-Ii Itr-1" in category "Papers" ii) Section 80CCC (Deduction in respect of contr ibutions to certain pension funds) (iii) Section 80CCD (Deduction in respect of contributions to pension scheme of Central Government) (iv) Section 80D (Deduction in respect of Medical Insurance Premium) (v) Section 80DD (Deduction in respect of maintenance including medical treatment of dependent who is a person with disability) (vi) Section 80DDB (Deduction in respect of medical treatment, etc. ) (vii) Section 80E (Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for higher education) (viii) Section 80G (Deduction in respect of donations to certain funds, charitable institutions, etc. ) (ix) Section 80GG (Deduction in respect of rents paid) (x) Section 80GGA (Deduction in respect of certain donations for scientific research or rural development) (xi) Section 80GGC (Deduction in respect of contributions given by any person to political parties) (xii) Section 80U (Deduction in case of a person with disability) (g) In item No. , the tax liability has to be computed for items as under:( i) In case of individuals (other than women and individuals who are of the age of 65 years or more at any time during the financial year 2009-10) Income (In Rs. ) Tax Liability (In Rs. ) Upto Rs. 1,60,000 Nil Between Rs. 1,60,001 – Rs. 3,00,000 10% of income in excess of Rs. 1,60,000 Between Rs. 3,00,001 – Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 14,000 + 20% of income in excess of Rs. 3,00,000 Above Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 54,000 + 30% of income in excess of Rs. 5,00,000 (ii) In case of women (other than women who are of the age of 65 years or more at any time during the financial year 2009-10)Income (In Rs. ) Tax Liability (In Rs. ) Upto Rs. ,90,000 Nil Between Rs. 1,90,001 – Rs. 3,00,000 10% of income in excess of Rs. 1,90,000 Between Rs. 3,00,001 – Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 11,000 + 20% of income in excess of Rs. 3,00,000 Above Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 51,000 + 30% of income in excess of Rs. 5,00,000 (iii) In case of individuals who are of the age of 65 years or more at any time during the financial year 2009-10Income (In Rs. ) Tax Liability (In Rs. ) Upto Rs. 2,40,000 Nil Between Rs. 2,40,001 – Rs. 3,00,000 10% of income in excess of Rs. 2,40,000 Between Rs. 3,00,001 – Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 6,000 + 20% of income in excess of Rs. 3,00,000 Above Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 46,000 + 30% of income in excess of Rs. ,00,000 (h) There is no surcharge for AY 2010-11. (i) In item No. 9, calculate the education cess including secondary and higher education cess at the rate of three per cent of item No. 8 (j) In item No. 11, claim the relief, if any, allowable under section 89 in respect of arrears or advances of salary received during the year. In Item 12, enter details of any relief under sections 90/91. (k) In item 22- Please quote the MICR code of the bank if you desire to receive the refund through electronic clearing system (ECS). However, it may not be possible to issue the refund in all cases through ECS since the ECS facility is not available across the country. l) In items 23 and 24, please furnish the details in accordance with Form 16 issued by the employer(s) in respect of salary income and Form 16A issued by a person in respect of interest income and other sources of income. Further in order to enable the Income Tax Department to provide accurate, quicker and full credit for taxes deducted at source, the taxpayer must ensure to quote complete details of every TDS transaction. (m) In item No. 25, please enter details of tax payments, i. e. , advance tax and self-assessment tax made by you. (n) In item No. 26, the details of following transactions, if any, entered by you during the financial year 2009-10 are to be entered. (If a transaction is not entered, please leave blank the relevant column in this item). Sl.No Code Nature of transaction . 1. 001 Cash deposits aggregating to ten lakh rupees or more in a year in any savings account by you maintained in a banking company to which the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949), applied (including any bank or banking institution referred to in section 51 of that Act) Payment made by you against bills raised in respect of a credit card aggregating to two lakh rupees or more in a year. 3. 003 Payment made by you of an amount of two lakh rupees or more for purchase of units of Mutual Fund. 4. 004 Payment made by you of an amount of five lakh rupees or more for acquiring bonds or debentures issued by a company or institution. 5. 05 Payment made by you of an amount of one lakh rupees or more for acquiring shares issued by a company. 6. 006 Purchase by you of any immovable property valued at thirty lakh rupees or more. 7. 007 Sale by you of any immovable property valued at thirty lakh rupees or more. 8. 008 Payment made by you of an amount of five lakh rupees or more in a year for investment in bonds issued by Reserve Bank of India. (o)In Item No. 27 – Please enter details of all exempt incomes, e. g. , Dividend Income, Income from long-term capital gains on which securities transaction tax has been paid. Income from agriculture not exceeding Rs. 5,000, etc. (p) In Item No. 8 – This return can be prepared by a Tax Return Preparer (TRP) also in accordance with the Tax Return Preparer Scheme, 2006 dated 28th November, 2006. If the return has been prepared by him, the relevant details have to be filled by him in item No. 28 and the return has to be countersigned by him in the space provided in the said item. The Tax Return Preparer is entitled to a maximum fees of Rs. 250/- from the taxpayer. TRP is also entitled to a reimbursement from the Government for following three years as under:(i) 3 per cent of the tax paid on the income declared in the return for the first eligible assessment year (first eligible assessment year means the assessment year if o return has been furnished for at least three assessment years preceding to that assessment year); (ii) 2 per cent of the tax paid on the income declared in the return for the second eligible assessment year (second eligible assessment year means the assessment year immediately following the first eli gible assessment year); (iii) 1 per cent of the tax paid on the income declared in the return for the third eligible assessment year (third eligible assessment year means the assessment year immediately following the second eligible assessment year); For these three eligible assessment years, the TRP will be eligible for the fee from the taxpayer to the extent of the amount by which Rs. 250/- exceeds the amount of reimbursement receivable by him from the Government. 10.How to compute In the case of salaried employees, perquisites have to be valued in accordance with the notification No. SO. 3245(E) dated 18. 12. 2009, for the purposes of including their value in the salary income. How to compute Income from Salary (In case of multiple employers replicate items 1 to 6 for additional employers) Name of Employer 1: 1 Salary (Excluding all allowances, perquisites profit in lieu of salary)from Form 16 1 2 Allowances exempt under section 10 (not to be included in 2 Salary) 3 Allowances not exempt 3 4 Value of perquisites 4 5 Profits in lieu of salary 5 6 Taxable Salary from Employer 1 (1+3+4+5) 6 To be mentioned in Item 1 of ITR 1 Return Form ?Total Salary Income How to compute Income from House Property 1 House Property Annual letable value/ rent received or receivable (higher if let out for whole of the year, lower a 1a if let out for part of the year) 1b b The amount of rent which cannot be realized 1c c Tax paid to local authorities 1d d Total ( 1b + 1c) e Balance (1a – 1d) 1e 1f f 30% of 1e Interest payable on borrowed capital (restricted to Rs 1g g 1,50,000 if NOT ‘Let Out’) h Total (1f + 1g) 1h i Income from house property 1 (1e – 1h) 1i 4 Income under the head â€Å"Income from house property† a Rent of earlier years realized under section 25A/AA 4a b Arrears of rent received during the year under section 25B after deducting 30% 4b To be mentioned in Item 2 of this Return Form ? Total Income from House Property (4a c 4c + 4b + 1i)Please include the income, if any, of specified persons such as minor children while computing the income under this head, if property NOTE is in their name HOUSE PROPERTY SALARIES 2. 002 How to compute Income from Other Sources (In case of multiple FD interest, other interest from savings account fill the total in item 1b) 1 Income other than from owning race horse(s):a Taxable Dividends, Gross 1a b Interest, Gross 1b Rental income from machinery, plants, buildings, c 1c etc. Gross d Others, Gross 1d e Total (1a + 1b + 1c + 1d) 1e f Deductions under section 57:fi i Expenses fii ii Depreciation fiii iii Total g Balance (1e – fiii) 1g 2 To be mentioned in Item 3 of this Return Form ? Total Income from other sources (1e + 1g) 2 Please include the income, if any, of specified persons such as minor children while computing the income under this head, if FD etc is NOTE in their name. How to compute Exempt Income (Income not to be included in Total Income) 1 Interest income 2 Dividend income 3 Long-term capital gains on which Securities Transaction Tax is paid 4 Net Agriculture income (not exceeding Rs. 5,000) 5 Others, including exempt income of minor child 6 To be mentioned in Item 27 of this Return Form ?Total (1+2+3+4+5) How to compute deduction under section 80G (Please list donations of different types below) A Donations entitled for 100% deduction (eg Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund) Name of donee i ii iii Total DETAILS OF DONATIONS Donations entitled for 50% deduction where donee not required to be approved under section B 80G(5) (vi) (eg Prime Minister’s Drought Relief Fund) Name of donee i ii iii Total Donations entitled for 50% deduction where donee is required to be approved under section C 80G(5) (vi) (eligible donation is restricted to 10 % of Total Income after other deductions) Name and address of donee i ii iii Total To be mentioned in Item 6 of this Return Form ? Total Deduction under Section 80 G = D {100% of Aiii + 50 % of Biii + 50% of [Maximum of 10% of Total Income After Other Deductions ((Item 4 – Sum of Items (5a to 5l except 5h)) or (Ciii)]} OTHER SOURCES 1 2 3 4 5 6 EXEMPT INCOME Amoun t of donation Ai Aii Aiii Amount of donation Bi Bii Biii Amount of donation Ci Cii Ciii D How to cite Instructions for Filling Out Income Tax Return Form Saral-Ii Itr-1, Papers

Expressions of Art Essay Example For Students

Expressions of Art Essay Art is about getting you to feel a certain way, striking you emotionally. Art can be about color creatively and appealing to people emotionally. It’s about taking your time to create something worth calling art. It is not about pissing in a jar and dropping a cross in it. That could be seen as offensive. Art is about pleasing the eye. Take a look at my example of art. Look at how the colors complement each other. You look at the picture and you get a soothing feeling. It relaxes you. It makes you forget about everything once your eyes meet. The cabin lighting and the skyline gives you a mellow feeling. The water is reflective, it looks so real. Art can leave you with an awe feeling, it soothes you. You think how somebody took their time and effort to create it. Using different colors in art makes you feel different feelings. When people use bright colors it brings out life in the picture. When artist use colors like bright yellow or bright red it brings out life in the art. It makes you feel happy. Using dark colors can make it seem exactly that or it can make it feel gloomy. You can get such an emotional feeling from art. Art and emotions go hand in hand. Art can also be shocking. Art is a form of expression. Art can be a way to vent. When you combine all these three things together you can get some real outlandish things. Anywhere from shocking to dark. Shocking art commands a response. Art can be used to show what is going on in the world in a shocking way. It is made to cause controversy. It is made so that people talk about it. It will show what is going on in the world in a different way. People may not agree with it and may want it to be taken down. I remember when I was a kid would see art as the artist expressing her or himself. Now if I see a piece of art that it is shocking or expressing a certain event going on the world it can be shocking to me or offensive. For example the picture of a man jumping out of the world trade center because he choose to fall to his death over burning. That is somebody’s brother, father, husband it just isn’t right. I think even a child will see that is not being right. That picture is what shocking art and striking an emotion is at its core. Art has remained timeless for many of years. Art is part of our history. From the very beginning when our spices were not even humans yet we were caveman. Caveman would draw pictures on the walls of animals and symbols. Art has been painted in ceilings with lot time put into it and stayed like that for centuries. We have put classical art in museums and guarded it with high level security worth millions of dollars.

Racial Profiling Essays (1482 words) - , Term Papers

Racial Profiling Rahsaan DeLain Senior Paper Mrs. Carlo The issue of racial profiling in America is one of great importance to the future of American society. This issue fairly new, in terms of being recognized is old in its ways. Racism and stereotyping are issues that date back to many years ago. Racial profiling in America is on that needs to be addressed by the government and society if we ever want America to truly be, ?The Land of The Free.? One of the main examples of racial profiling is called DWB (Driving While Black). This is a term starting to show itself a lot in cases of racial profiling. This name is meant to be a shot at he already known DWI (Driving While Intoxicated). In today's society the perception is that most drug traffickers are minorities. This is very untrue. Racial profiling is based on the premise that most drug offenses are committed by minorities. Because police look for drugs primarily among African Americans and Latinos, they find a uneven number of them actually in possession of contraband. Therefore these people are arrested, reinforcing the idea that drug trafficking is primarily an Latino or African American thing. At the same time white drivers receive far less police attention, many of the drug dealers and users among them get away. This just feeds to the perception that whites commit fewer drug offenses than minorities. This often results in the persecution of innocent people based on skin color. This also causes a huge distrust and minorities are less willing to cooperate. Driving While Black is not an issue that just arose its just now gaining a name. The practice of racial profiling by our nations police is the consequence of the rising concern about the war on drugs. Drug use and drug selling are not limited to minorities in the US , in fact five times as many whites use drugs. This war on drugs since it began targeted minorities. According to the governments own reports 80 percent of the country's cocaine users are white and the ?typical cocaine user is a white middle class suburbanite.?(Harris 7) But law enforcement tactics are concentrated in the inner city. This continues to feed the perception that most drug dealers and users are black. This prompted the ?drug courier profile,?(Harris 7) with racial overtones to take hold. Media coverage of this issue has begun to increase in the last couple of years or so. In the past year , front page stories and editorials have appeared in every major national newspaper and many local papers. Even though media fascination with a problem doesn't make it real or lack of media coverage doesn't make a problem nonexistent. But because of the many stories and statistical reports, the lawsuits and even recent action by the government, make a good argument that , ?driving while black,? is not just an occasional problem. Some of these stories are absolutely ridiculous there are so many cases its crazy. Racial profiling believe it or not is a big problem among the news media itself. When the media covers a story about drugs they often show the black drug dealer , abuser , criminal or the undeserving affirmative action recipient. When we look at the ways the national media has covered or failed to cover recent stories or studies we get a better understanding of the practice or racial profiling in the media. In a recent poll taken by the child advocay group Children Now the children included said that,?the news media tends to portray African American and Latino people more negatively than white and Asian people. Most of the major news media did not cover this story and the ones that did said,? that the children were influenced by television news.? (qtd in media blackface 4) On of the major and most well known cases of racial profiling is the case of Amadou Diallo. Four white officers members of the anti street crime unit fired 41 shots at Diallo hitting him 19 times. The officers contended that they they fired in self defense. On Feb 4, 199, after Diallo,22, reached for an object they though was a gun while he was standing in the vestibule of his apartment. The object turned out to be his wallet. All four officers were charged with second degree murder as suspended from there jobs. The officers said that Diallo darted into the entrance of his building and took a combat stance. He pulled out what they perceived as a weapon and opened fire on him. The officers contended that Diallo's death was a tragic case

Human and Adversity Essay Example

Human and Adversity Essay Example Human and Adversity Paper Human and Adversity Paper Adversity has the effect of eliciting talents which in prosperous circumstances would have lain dormant, means that while overcoming obstacles a persons talents are shown that otherwise would remain unknown to the person. Horace Is saying that adversity plays In the development of a persons character and understanding turmoil and hardship. Times of struggle elect different talents showing the true depth of human nature, unlike prosperous times. Those who are never faced with adversity are never challenged and therefore never have to reach pep from within to solve or help the problem. When human beings are passionate about achieving a goal, they learn something about themselves they have never known. Challenges are faced every day, but how we respond to them determines how strong we really are. Adversity is inevitable in life; it is a wall then is unable to be broken down. Sometimes while facing adversity, there is a point in an individual where their instincts reveal the truth, that what doesnt kill them makes them stronger. A persons true talents are shown when faced by adversity. Bethink Hamilton had been surfing since she was a child; at age thirteen she is was Injured In an almost-deadly shark attack, losing her left arm. She was back on her surf board one month later and then won first place In the Explorer Womens Division of the NASA National Championships, two years later. Jim Carrey Is another example of this; he revealed that at the age of fifteen he had to drop out of high school and support his family. His father was unemployed, poor, and they eventually had to live in a van. Carrey didnt let that stop him from becoming a comedian and is now known as one of he best comedic actors of this era. People, who are famous and have tons of money, never face adversity. If they were ever faced with difficulties they would Just buy their problems away instead of revealing their inner strength that may be hiding behind an easy life with no challenges. The Sardinian exemplify these kinds of people. They never spend their money on beneficial means only things for themselves. If anything ever came as a challenge to them they would use their money to fix things Instead of using any Inner strength. Facing adversity brings out talents that people loud never have known they had. If you arent faced with any difficulties you would never have known you had the talents to deal with these situations. Such as Bethink Hamilton, if she had never been in such a terrible shark attack she would have never known how much determination she actually had. Difficulties push you to your limits and without the struggle youre talents are never shown. Knowing these talents help you perform better at other tasks in the future. Facing adversity is a tremendous help in life. Human and Adversity By principalities Horace is saying that adversity plays in the development of a persons character and understanding turmoil and hardship. Times of struggle elicit different talents where their instincts reveal the truth, that what doesnt kill them makes them Hamilton had been surfing since she was a child; at age thirteen she is was injured in one month later and then won first place in the Explorer Womens Division of the NASA National Championships, two years later. Jim Carrey is another example of this; instead of using any inner strength. Facing adversity brings out talents that people.

Performance and Human Resource Development Essay

Performance and Human Resource Development - Essay Example Performance management is a process that starts with hiring and continues year after year through planning, task assignment and review, performance evaluation, assessment of potential and recognition. It is a method through which management plans and executes strategy in the most effective way. The aspects that distinguish this process are: †¢Ã‚  PLANNING – Work is planned, keeping in mind objectives of the organization, and goals are set for the teams as well as individuals. A vital part of performance management, it can be made more effective with active participation of the personnel who will be responsible for execution of the plan. †¢Ã‚  MONITIORING – Progress on all activities, assignments and projects is regularly monitored. This takes into account individual and group capability, workload and division of work. Keeping track of trends and corrective action based on progress and employee feedback, norms this part. †¢Ã‚  DEVELOPING – Entails development of skills of employees to enhance their abilities to perform through education and training in existing areas and acquisition of new skills. It also involves simplification and improvement of work processes and methods productivity while simultaneously creating a motivating atmosphere at the workplace. †¢Ã‚  MOTIVATING – Keeping the morale of the employees up and motivating them to perform the given tasks with enthusiasm, care and diligence. The provision of good and friendly working atmosphere, unbiased and fair handling (perceived and actual) of all situations., maintaining good discipline, timely feedback and empowerment are some of the tools used.RATING – Is used for summarizing employees’ performance, it allows for comparison of the performance of the employee over time as well as with other employees. Performance appraisal in a structured manner helps in rating of employees to identify high performers and those who need further inputs to help them achieve targets set. REWARING – Appreciation of good performance and censure of poor performance form this part of the process. Appreciation and censure may take many forms like formal positive reception, salary hikes, promotions, lateral multitasking, demotions and outright termination of employment.Management of performance of employees thus forms the core of efficient and competent organizations. Goals are set and work planned out in detail with time frames established usually with the involvement of the individuals and groups concerned, standards are set while keeping in view skills required and capabilities of the individuals assigned to meet them.Performance AppraisalPerformance assessment or appraisal is a process of audit of the effectiveness of each employee. It may be viewed as a contract between the organization and the employee explicitly

Starbucks Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Starbucks Case Analysis - Essay Example The firm that is analyzed in the paper is Starbucks coffee company that ventured into the market in 1971 because of three business people who had love for coffee and tea. They felt it was important for the people of Seattle, Washington to have access to their coffee. They organized themselves, and ten years later this company had four retail stores and a roasting plant selling genuine bean coffee within Seattle only. As time went by, this company expanded to other cities like Vancouver, Portland, and Chicago, and by 1991 Starbucks had more openings within airports. It had also expanded into the mail-order catalogue, then further to the state of California. Having grown this far, the company initiated distribution of successful products and brand extensions that included offering coffee to passengers on United Airlines flights. This boosted their potential that later witnessed them start offering people the option to purchase the company’s products at the comfort of their homes through Starbucks’ online services. Currently, Starbucks strategic position is to provide premier purveyor of the finest coffee around the world while at the same time maintaining its uncompromising principles as the company continues to grow. Its efforts generated by sound decision-making are helping the company attain the best quality of the products. Their main product, which is coffee, has always been of the best quality and above all made by employees who are passionate about coffee. They maintain ethical standards as they source for the finest coffee beans that are they then roast it with great care2. Regarding their market, this company has a great strategic position when dealing with their clients as they promise a perfectly made beverage that they deliver at a human connection level. Starbucks treats its stakeholders with respect and dignity hence creates a profitable place for each other. External Analysis Starbucks is facing challenges just like any other company. The most of all challenges that this company is battling now is the current financial crisis that is affecting America. Due to funds turmoil that the current state of economy is posing to companies, Starbucks has not only reduced its total expenditure, but also forced to close most of its stores. In 2008, the company announced that it was going to close six hundred stores in different parts of United States of America3. Financial based reasons like income tax, risks related to third party finalization agreements, and benefits associated with the closure of stores within the anticipated period as well as cost of saving expected led to this fatal draw to the company’s expansion plans. Additional challenges facing Starbucks comprise of dealing with competitors. Currently, there are numerous coffee shops within major cities across around the globe and are posing total threats to Starbucks, as they are all competing for the same customers. 2. Flamholtz, E. & Randle, Y. Corporate Culture: The Ultimate Strategic Asset, (California:Stanford University Press), 20. 3. Thompson, J., et. al., Strategic Management 6th. (California:Cengage Learning EMEA, 2010), 382. Some of these competitors include: Nestle, McDonalds, and Dunkin Donuts. Standing out to generate customers is important yet a hard task to perform. Therefore, in order for Starbucks to alleviate competition wisely, it is of great importance for this company to identify their competitors and know what they are currently doing and how they can be at the top of the game despite stiff competition. Internal Analysis Starbucks has internal capabilities that make its operations smooth. For instance, due to Howard Schultz’s efforts to make Starbucks a better working place, Starbucks now has knowledgeable employees who are conversant with the company’s products, prepare the company’s espresso drinks without missing any detail, motivated, skilled, deliver consistent and

Media Is Responsible For Dumbing Down Society

Media Is Responsible For Dumbing Down Society Since becoming a prominent part of modern human society, the media has always been a source of controversy. In particular, the media has often been accused as playing a significant part in the so called dumbing-down of society. The term dumbing-down is used to describe the lack of a clear distinction between high culture and popular Pop culture in society today. While high culture were activities, usually relating to the classical arts, that were held in the highest regard by society in the past, and usually practiced by the rich upper-class, it has evolved to appeal to the masses now. Similarly, popular culture which are considered ephemeral and commercial, thus inferior to high culture have gone on to invade parts of our upper-class societies today. In this essay, I am going to investigate the blurring line between the differences in high and popular culture and use this as a pivot to critically assess the medias role in this phenomenon and ultimately determine if the media is inde ed responsible for the dumbing-down of society. Dumbing-down is believed to be present in many spheres of contemporary society, from the arts to even the quality of education that our generation are getting today. This is based on the premise that the Arts such as Theatre Productions and classical music have become more and more commercialised and overly-simplified in order to appeal to larger audiences. Similarly, the study of certain university courses ranging from Sociology to Media Studies and Animal Management have been labelled as inferior to the more traditional courses such as Law, Medicine and Politics. These so called Mickey Mouse degrees (which coincidentally were first made public by the media tabloids), coined by the then UK education minister Margaret Hodge were deemed to be less rigorous and thus unworthy of an actual University degree. Modern media itself is often criticised for putting ratings and audience popularity ahead of quality. Media institutions are run as businesses and are therefore more focused in creating productions that attract widespread interest and thereby maximise the chances of the sell rather than actual high quality productions. This can be seen through a number of examples, notably through news circulating productions such as Newspapers and News Broadcasting. The 1980s saw a sharp rise in the popularity of Tabloid Newspapers. Tabloids are based on the newspaper format seen in traditional Broadsheet Newspapers, but are smaller in size and feature exaggerated and often sensationalised stories. They often include much less hard news such as politics and global affairs to their Broadsheet counterparts, instead focusing on human interests and entertaining news stories (i.e. Celebrity Gossips, Scandals). There are also much fewer words and more pictures in a Tabloid than a Broadsheet. This form of junk food news is best described by researcher and writer Professor Bob Franklin in his book Newszak and News Media as being More bitesize McNugget journalism, which is small, tasty, bright coloured and easy to digest (Marr in Franklin, 1997: 5). Frankin came up with the term Newszak and asserted that there was a growing compulsion within British journalism to retreat from the publishing of hard news in favour of light hearted softer news. The popularity of tabloids has resulted in many broadsheet newspapers adopting numerous characteristics of tabloids. This is evident in UK newspapers such as The Independent, The Times and The Guardian who have switched to the more compact Berliner format used by most tabloid newspapers. Reasons given to this change include that it allows people who commute to easily hold and read it on public transports, and that smaller-sized newspapers would allow for easier reads for other readers as well. These changes have however been criticised by loyal broadsheet readers who have argued that the loss of the traditional broadsheet format have led to a loss in quality of the publishing of news. They reiterated that with Broadsheets adopting tabloid-like characteristics, there is slowly becoming less and less differences between the 2 types of Newspapers. In a 2007 interview with then British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, Blair commentated about the ongoing struggle in which Broadsheets and Tablo id face to gain readership by becoming more similar to one another. In his words Broadsheets today face the same pressures as tabloids; broadcasters increasingly the same pressures as broadsheets. The audience needs to be arrested, held and their emotions engaged. Something that is interesting is less powerful than something that makes you angry or shocked. (BBC News, 12 June 2007) While the tabloid-like changes that many broadsheets have undergone is a controversial topic even today, Tabloids have also evolved and have become even more tabloidized in recent years. In their study of the Tabloidization of British Tabloids, Rodrigo Uribe and Barrie Gunter discovered that the emergence of tabloids can be attributed to a dominance of soft and home stories. By analysing issues of The Sun and The Mirror that were published between the years 1991 and 2001, Uribe and Gunter learnt that tabloids themselves had become even more simplistic in recent years. They wrote that the amount of column space allocated for text had decreased substantially, whilst the size of space allocated for visuals and pictures had instead increased. (Uribe and Gunter, 2004: 399) Looking back at what I have learnt so far, I believe that when considering whether the media is indeed responsible for the dumbing-down of society, one has to look at the problem from two different perspectives. Yes, the media, owned by giant conglomerates aim to increase financial gain and therefore create products that are popular and sellable to their target audiences. However, one must also note that the reason broadsheets started adopting tabloid-like characteristics in the first place were partly due to the rising popularity of tabloids. In a highly competitive economic market as we have today, the media was simply responding to the ever growing demand for a particular product, in this case, tabloids; and therefore evolved its production of broadsheets to satisfy audience demand. It is therefore unfair to lay the blame solely on the Media when in this particular case; I believe that society is responsible for the dumbing-down of society. Broadcast media is another area within the media that is nowadays criticised as playing a role in the dumbing-down of society. News Broadcasting is often accused as being no longer truly informative and lacking the journalistic quality that was present in the past. With Broadcast Media prioritising audience and consumer ratings today, News Broadcastings are becoming more entertainment orientated, in that part of the appeal of watching the news nowadays is the entertainment value one gains from it rather than the traditional hard news journalistic approach seen in the past. This form of Infotainment, a term used to describe media programmes that combine information with entertainment is seen in numerous News Broadcasting Productions. Many have expressed concerns that the emergence of infotainment has led to an over exposure of soft news, news that often lack importance but are entertaining to audiences at an expense of actual important serious hard news. A clear example of this can be seen on a February 2004 edition of CNN News where the lead story was a feature of the Super Bowl XXXVIII incident in which Janet Jacksons breasts were exposed onstage. The story was then followed by the news of a chemical attack on a member of the US Senate. (Anderson B, 2004: 33) The basis of Infotainment is the assumption that viewers are no longer concern about the informative quality of such programmes but are rather driven to watch and consume something due to superficial reasons such as the entertainment that the programme provides or even by how visually attractive the product looks. The aesthetics of modern News programmes also serves as a means of entertaining viewers. News broadcastings nowadays contain expensive visuals, flashy animations and often elaborate filming sets. The use of such technology in modern news broadcasting allows for more contemporary looking visual presentations and thus attracts audience appeal. In a vastly competitive industry in which different Media Networks vie for control over audience viewership, the quality of presentation often plays an important part of the process. Networks which benefit from higher production values often score higher in viewership numbers and audience share. This would explain why the Big 4 televisi on networks in the US consisting of ABC, CBS, NBC and FOX have a significant edge over other smaller networks such as The CW Television Network. In terms of actual substance and quality, there is little difference between one News Channel to another; rather the difference in popularity is often determined by insignificant reasons. An excellent example that clearly illustrates the importance of infotainment in todays Media is the ongoing ratings/ popularity war between two of the most popular News Networks in the US, FOX News and CNN. Though the CNN News Network has had a longer and more illustrious history (est. 1980) compared to the FOX News Network (est. 1996), ratings for CNN has fallen in recent years whilst FOX has seen a steadily increase in audience viewership. In 2009, FOX News officially supplanted CNN to become the No 1 News Network in the US. FOXs ratings increase has been attributed to the fact that it provides opinion and personality-driven programming. FOX slanted views to favour the republican (conservative) party in the US is no secret. It is however ironic that a network that bills itself as Fair Balance, whose slogan happens to be We Report. You Decide does not provide impartial and balanced news reporting. The appeal of FOX News lies in the entertainment it provides for its audience. The ne ws that it broadcast is often colourful, and interesting to audiences. Unlike CNN that features a more global perspective on news stories, reminiscent to the more traditional broadsheet news format, FOX has been known to employ tabloid-like tactics to gain audience receptions and stir controversies. Whilst CNN is in no way a haven of quality and unbiased news reporting, there is a fine line between biased information presented in a fair and proper manner and that of a piece of pure synthesized propaganda (DuBach J 2005, Fox V. CNN: An Observational Comparison). An example in which FOX has deliberately created news-stirring controversy to further its political agenda can be seen in several news reports during the Obama Presidential Campaign in 2008, in which FOX News provided highly bias opinions against Obama and his campaign team, even going as far as to compare him to Joseph Stalin. News Reporters and Journalists are no longer detached personalities from the audience but are instead groomed to become popular and celebrity-like. Rather than employing real hard-line journalists and political analysts (McChesney R), News networks are more interested in hiring celebrity pontificators to provide news commentary as a cost cutting solution that also ensures maximum audience appeal. This is evident by the growing number of so called special guest experts that regularly provide their views on the news at hand. News Commentators such as Bill OReilly, Gleen Beck and Jerry Springer have gone from being news readers to become well respected and popular television personalities that hosts their own talk shows and are regularly watched by a loyal viewership. As a matter of fact, OReillys political commentary program titled The OReilly Factor that airs on FOX News was the most watched cable show between 2007 and 2008. Despite the level of media saturation and the wealth of info rmation we have at our disposal, it is still in the hands of each individual to decide whether consuming a particular media text is indeed beneficial. However, with audiences seemingly enjoying such a skewed and biased view on everyday news reporting, its no wonder that some people believe that the media is indeed responsible for the dumbing down of society. The belief that the media is responsible for the dumbing down of society is rooted in the fear that the audience lack the perception to tell what is right and what is wrong when consuming a media text, thus believing whatever the media projects. It is therefore important to understand the concept of Audience Reception in order to determine how media viewers interpret a particular media text differently from one another. The basis of Audience reception is the understanding that there are two different kinds of audiences; active and passive audience. Active Audiences are people who are not drawn to whatever the media tells them, who constantly filter out what they see in the media and possess the strength of mind to decide whether what they see in the media is true or not. In contrast, Passive Audiences are people who are vulnerable to the words of the media and are seemingly accepting of whatever the media tells them. The belief that the media has the ability to alter audience percept ion and in a way control the way we make decisions and live our lives is one that has existed for decades. The Hypodermic Needle Model, conceived in the 1940s was perhaps the earliest form in our attempts to understand audience reception. The model was based around the assumption that mass media (e.g. the radio and television) had a direct and often profound effect on its viewers. It was believed that the media was able to send messages directly to the viewer thus gaining some measure of control on the viewer. Today, the model is almost unanimously considered obsolete as it perceives all media consumers as passive audiences, and thus believes that the media has the same effect on all people. It perceives on the assumption that people were uniformly controlled by their biologically based instincts and that they react more or less uniformly to whatever stimuli came along (Lowery DefFleur, 1995: 400). More to the point, the hypodermic needle theory is an outdated Audience Reception model that however flawed, reflected the social situation during that time. In an era of political upheaval an d social unrest, fuelled by the World Wars, propaganda emerged as a form of communication utilized by nations to persuade the general public to unite behind the actions of their countries and allies alike. The power of propaganda was regarded as a powerful tool by many, with countries using propaganda to achieve many different aims, from enlisting more men to become soldiers to even attempting to promote public outrage. A more efficient audience reception model which does take both passive and active audiences into account is the Uses and Gratifications Model. Unlike the Hypodermic Needle Model that interpreted its findings based on what the media did to people, the Uses and Gratifications model took a different perspective by placing focus on the viewers instead of the media and basing its findings on what did people do with the Media. The Model was conceived in the 1970s by critical theorists Blumber and Katz, who originally used it to investigate the social and psychological needs of people. The model was based around a more consumer/ audience centred approach whereby it was believed that people consumed media as a form of satisfying their own individual needs. Rather than basing its study that all media viewers were passive audiences who are unable to resists the words of the media (as the hypodermic needle theory had suggested), the theory was based on the belief that the audience did in fact p lay an active part in choosing the type of media text that they were consuming based on their individual needs. The needs of individuals were varied and included but not limited to things such as gaining entertainment (diversion) from the text t or perhaps even gaining more of an insight into themselves (personal identity). Despite the consensus that the Uses and Gratification model is a far better representation of audience reception, compared to the Hypodermic Needle Theory, it has also been criticised by many who state that viewers nowadays do not have any means of control over what the media produces. In my opinion, I would actually argue with that statement, as I believe that the audience make educated choices on the type of media they consume. I believe that the types of medium that are produced today are developed specifically to satisfy the needs of people. Due to the different trends and genres that go in and out of fashion today, media companies create productions that the y know would attract a sizable audience market. Similar to how many Broadsheet Newspapers are adopting the more popular Tabloid-like format and the use of Infotainment in todays News Broadcasting Programmes, the media is simply responding to the audience preferences. In conclusion, I believe that although the media does play a part in the Dumbing down of society, it is not directly responsible for this, and is often conveniently made a scapegoat of the problem due to people take comfort in having someone or something to blame, in this case the media itself. Rather, I think that the media acts as a catalyst for the true culprit behind the degradation of society humans. The dumbing down of society is caused by us; modern people have grown lazy, becoming interested in trivial things and finding quality activities and productions a chore to do and consume. We prefer the simplifying of things as it makes it easier for us to understand and

Womens Roles in Silkos Yellow Woman and Chopins The Story of an Hour :: comparison compare contrast essays

Women's Roles in Silko's Yellow Woman and Chopin's The Story of an Hour "Yellow Woman" describes a short episode from the life of a young woman. She leaves her home just for a few days and follows her beloved, whom she doesn't know well. However, afterwards she decides to come back home, to her family: husband, baby and relatives. This story may look superficial, but is contains deeper meaning, and truths about roles of women, traditional patriarchal society, and attitudes toward feminism. "Yellow Woman" shows the role of a woman in a traditional, average family; narrator is a married young female raising a baby and living together with parents and grandparents. We may assume that she doesn't work, and women in her family traditionally do not work. They are rather supposed to raise children and deal with housework; men are the ones who are responsible for financial matters, and "important" things. What is more the role of a woman in this family is rather under appreciated and minor, not even visible. After the narrator leaves her home she says: "There are enough of them to handle things. My mother and grandmother will raise the baby as they raised me. Al will find someone else"(Silko, 191). Another example of a patriarchal society may be found in a scene when a rancher captures her beloved - Silva. No one pays attention to her, or to what will happen to her; men only are allowed to deal with important issues such as crime, and responsibility. In this story male's and f emale's worlds are strongly separated. In the second essay "The Story of an Hour" female's situation looks very similar. Lousie, starts considering her marriage as a burden, and she feels free when she gets to know about her husband's death. It is difficult to understand her reaction, since the story doesn't say about problems in her marriage. Readers may think that she feels overwhelmed with her everyday life of (stay-at-home) wife, dependence upon Brently, his decisions, and maybe dominance. She is probably disappointed with a reality, and she is subconsciously looking for a chance to break free form the male's world. Women in both essays experiences some conflicts related to their roles in a society. Narrator of a first story initially decides to leave her family and neglects her family obligations, but then she comes back, the feeling of responsibility is stronger. Lousie's inside conflict is not so visible, but more subtle; initially she hesitates how to determine her own feelings.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Maulana Abul Kalam Muhiyuddin Ahmed better known as Maulana Azad was born on 11th November, 1888, was a senior Political Leader and Indian Muslim Scholar, freedom fighter, and poetry. He was the first Minister of Education. Maulana Azad was one of the prominent Muslim leaders to support Hindu –Muslim unity and He opposing the partition of India on communal lines. Maulana Azad still remains one of the most important people of communal harmony in modern India. He worked for education and social improvement in India made him and most important impact in guiding India's social and economic development.Maulana Azad can speak Urdu, English, Hindi, Arabic, Bengali and Persian. As indicated by his name, Abul Kalam, which literally means â€Å"lord of dialogue†. He adopted the pen name ‘Azad' as a mark of his mental deliverance from a narrow view of religion and life. For his helpful contribution to the nation, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was posthumously awarded India's highe st civilian honour, Bharat Ratna in 1992. Azad Started the revolutionary activities restricted to Bihar and Bengal. Within short period, he helped setup secret revolutionary centers in all over north India and mumbai.Most of his revolutionaries were anti-Muslim for the reason people felt that the British Government was using the Muslim community against India's freedom struggle. Azad tried to assure his colleagues that animus and indifference toward the Muslims would only make the way to freedom more difficult. In June 1912, Azad started publication of a journal called Al Hilal (means the Crescent) to increase revolutionary recruits amongst the Muslims. He also participated in Non-Cooperation Movement, Quit India Movement, and Partition of IndiaHe said in his words about citizen â€Å"We must not for a moment forget, it is a birth right of every individual to receive at least the basic education without which he cannot fully discharge his duties as a citizen. † Jawaharlal Neh ru referred to Azad as Mir-i- Karawan(means the caravan leader), â€Å"a very brave and gallant gentleman, a finished product of the culture that, in these days, pertains to few† â€Å"The Emperor of learning† Mahatma Gandhi remarked about Azad counting him as â€Å"a person of the calibre of Plato, Aristotle and Pythagorus. † He died of heart stroke on 22 December 1958

Essay The Importance of Principles in The Crucible

In the play The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, the character John Proctor will not lie and confess to something he did not do. Thus, he is hanged for his principles. Proctor has two main principles he felt were more important to respect and uphold than his own life. The most obvious one was his reputation. In theocratic Salem, where private and public ethics are regarded equally, one’s reputation plays an important role. In such an environment where reputation is regarded so highly many are afraid of guilt by association. Various characters base their actions on the desire to protect their own reputations, in order to keep them in the best light possible. Towards the beginning of the play, John Proctor sought to keep his good name†¦show more content†¦His refusal to give up his false signed confession and even going so far as to rip it to shreds, is a religious stand, but also a personal stand as well. Such a confession would dishonor his fellow convicted friends, such a s Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse, who were also brave enough to die as a testimony to the truth rather than satisfy the court with a false confession. Not to mention a false confession would also dishonor him, not just staining public reputation, but also his very essence. Proctor, without reservation, proclaims that the integrity he is showing will convince God to allow him into heaven. Thus when he goes to the gallows to be hanged, he has no fear of death, believing he will be forgiven for previous sins. After Hale begs Elizabeth to continue with trying to convince John to sign the confession, she responds, â€Å"He have his goodness now,† and coldly finishes the play with, â€Å"God forbid I take it from him!† She realizes that John is now at peace with himself for the sins he committed in the past and feels that he needs to go through with this to get back his goodness and honesty, lost during his affair with Abigail. It is my opinion that, yes, John’s principles were worth dying for. In Salem Village, an individual’s reputation plays an important role due to the factShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaids Tale And The Crucible1695 Words   |  7 PagesIs Resistance Futile? What do The Handmaid’s Tale and The Crucible suggest about the nature of resisting and rebelling against social order? Margaret Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale, and Arthur Miller’s ,The Crucible, explore the consequences surrounding the nature of resisting and rebelling against social order. Resistance the refusal to accept or comply with something or to actively and passively fight against something. Atwood’s new government of Gilead in The Handmaid’s Tale enforces unthinkableRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1070 Words   |  5 PagesAugustin Eichwald Mrs. Hillsey English III-G 23 November 2014 Definition Essay: The Crucible Strange and peculiar happenings occur in The Crucible, a play by Arthur Miller. In this story of hypocrisy, guilt, and revenge, innocent people are accused of the bizarre crime of witchcraft. In Salem, Massachusetts, hysteria sets in among every person over fear of being accused of these shocking accusations. Each and every person experiences a severe test or trial in order to live to see another day. InRead MoreJohn Proctor And The Scarlett Letter1299 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 16th and 17th century a group of reformed protestant called Puritans had a profound effect on the establishment of Religion, this influenced early American society. Arthur Miller’s, The Crucible and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, The Scarlett Letter texts prevail the theme of Religion and Adultery. These particular authors wrote during the Puritan times and conveyed this time period in their texts while exploring the similarities and difference of Religion and Adultery in the Puritan CommunityRea d MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Intentions By the standards of virtually any society, lying is an act that is almost certain to result in some form of contempt, hatred, or even ostracism. However, not all liars are regarded in the same way- there is an obvious difference of morality between a fraudulent politician and one lying to protect his own life. In his play The Crucible, Arthur Miller demonstrates the moral and societal differences between and consequences of different types of lies: A liar’s virtue isRead MoreCharacterization Of The Crucible757 Words   |  4 PagesShadman Raakin Ms. Brayer American Lit. 11 October 2017 Title In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses the characterization of Abigail Williams, Thomas Putnam, and Governor Danforth, to show how people protect themselves during times of hysteria, which helps to continue the chaos that broke throughout Salem. Miller shows the importance of maintaining values and principles in order help end the chaos. Miller connects The Crucible with the events of the witch hunts from the 1690s where citizens were accusedRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1054 Words   |  5 Pagesacceptable solution to get rid of a strange friend or neighbor whom you feared be reporting them to authorities as a murderer? Would you let someone go to jail or even face the death penalty on behalf of your fear of their â€Å"odd† behavior? In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, a group of young, Puritan girls is found dancing around a fire in the forests of Salem, Massachusetts. To prevent getting in trouble, the girls pretend to be overtaken by the Devil and accuse several othe r people in their town forRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of John Proctor983 Words   |  4 Pagesmust see the flaws within their traits to judge their character and the characters of others. Though a character can have significant moral flaws, they can be wise enough to recognize their flaws and change their ways. In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the events that occurred during the Salem witch trials are dramatized, and the truth of judgement and vengeance is examined in a web of lies amongst the townspeople. The play’s dynamic protagonist, John Proctor, is a tormented individual who succumbsRead MoreMoral Conflict in the The Crucible Essay examples1500 Words   |  6 PagesMoral Conflict in the The Crucible Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, is a great portrayal of humans and their struggles. This play takes place in the 1690’s in Salem, a small Puritan community based on a rigid social system, where an outbreak of rumors claiming witchcraft contaminated the small village. The witch hysteria was initiated by a group of young girls (headed by Abigail Williams,) who were afraid of being accused of swaying from the strict regulations. This causedRead MoreThe Family Crucible: a Systemic Approach Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brice Family: A systemic approach Juli Baines MFCC/561 January 9, 2013 Jenny Brenn, MFT, LCADC The Brice Family: A systemic approach The Family Crucible, written by Augustus Napier and Carl Whitaker (1978), exemplifies a fragmented family system. The family consists of David a VIP lawyer, Carolyn an angry mother, Claudia an enraged teenager, Don the 11-year-old peacemaker, and six-year-old Laura. Co-therapists, Napier and Whitaker have taken on the task of working with the family usingRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1122 Words   |  5 PagesKelleher English II Honors Mrs. Hagerty 14 January 2015 Corruption in The Crucible Good leaders are essential to the functionality and prosperity of a community. They should be honest, genuine, and selfless. Good leaders keep the interests of the people they lead in mind when making all decisions instead of focusing on their own personal goals. It can be quite disastrous when leaders have ulterior motives or bad principles. When leaders are dishonest, deceitful, and selfish, it causes problems for